I-Crystallizer

1. Incazelo: ai-crystallizeriyisitsha esimise okomphongolo esinejakhethi odongeni noma ishubhu lenyoka esikhunjeni ukushisisa noma ukupholisa isisombululo ethangini.I-crystallization tank ingasetshenziswa njenge-evaporation crystallizer noma i-crystallizer yokupholisa.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kokukhiqizwa kwekristalu, i-stirrer ingangezwa ethangini.Ithangi le-crystallization lingasetshenziselwa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo noma ukusebenza kwezikhawu.I-crystal etholwe ngokusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile inkulu, kodwa i-crystal kulula ukuxhunyaniswa kumaqoqo e-crystal futhi ifaka utshwala bomama, obuthinta ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo.I-crystallizer inesakhiwo esilula kanye namandla aphansi okukhiqiza, futhi ifanele ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-batch encane (njengama-reagents amakhemikhali kanye nama-biochemical reagents).
2. Ukusakazwa ngempoqo
Imodeli yokusetshenziswa ihlobene ne-crystallizer eqhubekayo ene-crystal slurry circulation.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, uketshezi lokuphakelayo lwengezwa kusukela engxenyeni engezansi yepayipi elijikelezayo, elixutshwe ne-crystal slurry eshiya phansi kwekamelo le-crystallization, bese liphonswa ekamelweni lokushisa.I-crystal slurry ishiselwa ekamelweni lokushisa (imvamisa engu-2 ~ 6 ℃), kodwa ayihwamuki.Ngemuva kokuthi i-crystal slurry eshisayo ingene ekamelweni le-crystallization, iyabilisa ukuze isixazululo sifinyelele esimweni esigcwele kakhulu, ngakho ingxenye ye-solute ifakwa phezu kokusanhlamvu okumisiwe ukwenza i-crystal ikhule.I-crystal slurry njengomkhiqizo ikhishwa engxenyeni engenhla yepayipi elijikelezayo.I-crystallizer ye-circulation evaporation inamandla amakhulu okukhiqiza, kodwa ukusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana zomkhiqizo kubanzi.
3. Uhlobo lwe-DTB
Okusho ukuthi, i-crystal tube baffle evaporation crystallizer iphinde ibe yikristalu ejikelezayo ewudaka (bona isithombe sombala).Ikholomu ye-elitriation ixhunywe engxenyeni engezansi yocingo, futhi isilinda esiqondisayo kanye ne-cylindrical baffle kumiswa kudivayisi.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, uketshezi lwezinto ezishisayo ezigcwele izinto ezishisayo zengezwa ngokuqhubekayo engxenyeni engezansi yepayipi elijikelezayo, elixutshwe noketshezi lukamama olunamakristalu amancane epayipi elijikelezayo, bese liphonswa ku-heater.Isixazululo esishisayo sigelezela ku-crystallizer eduze naphansi kweshubhu lokusalungiswa bese sithunyelwa ezingeni le-liquid eduze kweshubhu esalungiswa ngophephela ojikeleza kancane.Isixazululo siyahwamuka bese sipholiswa endaweni ewuketshezi ukuze sifinyelele esimweni esine-supersaturated, lapho amanye ama-solute afakwa phezu kwezinhlayiya ezimisiwe ukuze enze ikristalu ikhule.Kukhona nendawo yokuhlala ezungeze i-annular baffle.Endaweni yokulungisa, izinhlayiya ezinkulu zihlala, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezincane zingena epayipini elijikelezayo noketshezi lukamama bese zihlakazeka ngaphansi kokushisa.I-crystal ingena kukholomu ye-elitriation phansi kwe-crystallizer.Ukuze wenze usayizi wezinhlayiyana zemikhiqizo ye-crystalline ifane ngangokunokwenzeka, ingxenye yotshwala kamama obusuka endaweni yokuhlala yengezwe ngaphansi kwekholomu ye-elitriation, futhi izinhlayiya ezincane zibuyela ku-crystallizer nokugeleza koketshezi ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi. yokuhlukaniswa kwe-hydraulic, kanye nemikhiqizo ye-crystalline ikhishwa engxenyeni engezansi yekholomu ye-elitriation.
4. Uhlobo lwe-Oslo
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Kristal crystallizer, iwutshwala kamama obuzungeza icrystallizer eqhubekayo (Fig. 3).Uketshezi lokuphakelayo olusebenzayo lwengezwa epayipini elijikelezayo, lixutshwe noketshezi lukamama olujikelezayo epayipini, bese luphonswa ekamelweni lokushisa.Isixazululo esishisayo siyahwamuka egumbini lokuhwamuka futhi sifinyelele ku-supersaturation, futhi singene embhedeni omanzi ocwebezelayo ngaphansi kwegumbi lokuhwamuka ngeshubhu elimaphakathi (bheka i-fluidization).Embhedeni we-crystal fluidized, i-supersaturated solute esixazululweni ifakwa phezu kwezinhlayiya ezimisiwe ukwenza i-crystal ikhule.I-crystal fluidized bed ihlukanisa izinhlayiya ngokwamanzi.Izinhlayiya ezinkulu ziphansi futhi izinhlayiya ezincane ziphezulu.Imikhiqizo ye-crystalline enosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezifanayo ikhishwa ngaphansi kombhede omanzi.Izinhlayiya ezinhle ezisembhedeni onoketshezi zigelezela epayipini elijikelezayo elinoketshezi olungumama futhi zincibilikise amakristalu amancane lapho kushisa kabusha.Uma igumbi lokushisisa le-Oslo evaporative crystallizer lithathelwa indawo yigumbi lokupholisa futhi igumbi lokuhwamuka liyasuswa, i-Oslo cooling crystallizer iyakhiwa.Ububi obuyinhloko balo mshini ukuthi i-solute kulula ukuyifaka endaweni yokudlulisa ukushisa futhi ukusebenza kuyinkinga, ngakho-ke ayisetshenziswa kabanzi.
5. Isibikezelo sokuqubuka
(1) Gada ukungqubuzana ukuze ubikezele ukuqubuka.Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukufaka i-dynamometer kusilinda se-hydraulic vibration, isihloli kudivayisi yokudlidliza, kanye ne-accelerometer ne-Dynamometer esibunjeni ukuze kutholwe ukungqubuzana.Ngenxa yokuthi isimo sokusebenza kwedivayisi yokudlidliza sinomthelela omkhulu esilinganisweni sokungqubuzana, ukunemba kokulinganisa kokungqubuzana kunzima ukuqinisekisa.Nakuba le ndlela ilula, ukunemba kwayo akuphakeme kakhulu, futhi ingabikezela kuphela ukugqashuka kokubopha, okuvame ukuholela ku-alamu yamanga ekukhiqizeni.
(2) Ukubikezela kokuphuka kwenziwa ngokushintsha kokudluliswa kokushisa esibunjeni.Indlela elula neqondile ukukala umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi angenayo kanye nokushisa kwamanzi okukhipha amanzi okupholisa isikhunta, kodwa le ndlela ivame ukudukisa.Isetshenziselwa ukukala ukudluliswa kokushisa ukubikezela ukuphuma.Uma ukudluliswa kokushisa kwendawo ngayinye yesikhunta kusetshenziselwa ukubikezela ukuphumula, opharetha angathatha izinyathelo ezifanele ngokusho kokudluliselwa kokushisa endaweni ngayinye yeyunithi, njengokunciphisa isivinini sokudweba, ukwandisa isivinini sokudweba, ukuyeka ukuthulula, njll.
(3) Isilinganiso se-thermocouple yepuleti lethusi kanye nokubikezela kokuphuma.Ukunemba kokubikezela kokuphuma kwesilinganiso se-thermocouple ye-copper plate kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa.Isistimu yokuqagela kokuphuma kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu isekelwe ikakhulukazi ekubikezelweni kokuphuma kwe-thermocouple.Umgomo wayo wokusebenza ukufaka ama-thermocouples amaningi kusikhunta.Inani lokushisa lama-thermocouples lidluliselwa ohlelweni lwekhompyutha.Uma idlula inani elishiwo, izonikeza i-alamu, futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo ithathe izinyathelo ezihambisanayo noma opharetha bathathe imisebenzi ehambisanayo ukuze bagweme ukuphuma.Le ndlela inemisebenzi yokubikezela ukugqashuka kwebhondi, ukuphuma kwe-crack, ukuphuma kwe-slag, ukucindezeleka kwe-slab kanye nokubonisa ngokubonakalayo ukuqina kwegobolondo le-slab esikhunjini.Ulwazi lwayo lufakwe ohlelweni lokubikezela ikhwalithi ye-slab.